Nail Fungal Infections
What Is a Nail Fungal Infection?
Causes and Treatment at Skin Dermatology and Cosmetic Services
A nail fungal infection can affect either toenails or fingernails, often presenting as discolored nails that appear white or yellow. Infected nails may also become thick, brittle, and prone to breaking. This type of infection can involve a single nail, a portion of one nail, or multiple nails simultaneously. If not treated, fungal infections can lead to lasting damage to the nails.
Who Is at Risk for Fungal Nail Infections?
Fungal nail infections can develop quite easily, particularly in certain individuals. Toenails are especially at risk due to their frequent exposure to moisture trapped in socks and shoes, creating an ideal environment for fungus to thrive. Walking barefoot in warm, damp areas like swimming pools or gym locker rooms can also increase your chances of infection, especially if the surfaces have been exposed to someone with a fungal condition.
Fingernails that remain wet for prolonged periods are similarly vulnerable, and an infection in the toes can spread to the fingernails.
Individuals with diabetes or compromised immune systems face a higher risk of developing severe infections that may lead to non-healing sores. It’s crucial for those at risk to seek prompt treatment if they suspect a fungal infection.
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Symptoms of a Fungal Nail Infection
Not every instance of thick, brittle, or discolored nails indicates a fungal infection. Consulting a healthcare professional is essential to accurately diagnose the issue. Common symptoms associated with a fungal nail infection include:
- Discoloration: Nails may appear white, yellow, brown, or green.
- Thickness Changes: The nail may become noticeably thicker or, in some cases, thinner.
- Nail Detachment: The nail may begin to lift from the nail bed, leading to crumbling or breaking.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s advisable to seek medical advice for proper evaluation and treatment.
Fungal nail infections can be easily acquired but often prove challenging to treat, with a tendency to recur.
Topical antifungal treatments, which are applied directly to the affected nail, frequently fall short because they struggle to penetrate the hard nail surface at levels necessary to effectively eliminate the fungus. If the infection has progressed to the nail bed (the area where nail growth begins), oral antifungal medications may be recommended. These medications work by circulating through the bloodstream to target the infection at its source.
In cases where the nail is severely compromised, removal of the nail may be necessary to facilitate healing and prevent further complications.
